Aerial machine.



J. C. HAMSEN-ELLEHAMMER & N. W. AASEN.

AERIAL MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED sanza, 1912.

Patented Get. 5, 1915 UNITED sTATns PATENT ommen.

JAcoB CHRISTIAN IIANsEN-ELLIIAMMER AND NIELs WALTERSE'N AAsEN,..oF

COPENHAGEN, DENMARK.

AERIAL MACHINE.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that we, JAooB CHRISTIAN HANSENLELLEHAM'MER and, NmLs WALTER- SEN A AsEN, bothvsubjects of the King-of Denmark, and respectively residing/,at Istedgade, 119, Copenhagen,and Kochsvej, 15,'

aeroplane-like wings or'blades which surround a parachute andare rotated by means of an. engine mounted on the frame of the machine Y The wings of lthe apparatus' are furthermore rotatable in' relation to the plane of the parachute, and the invention consists in the feature that the turning of the wings is leffected automatically by means of a special device, whereby the stability of the apparatus is secured, and whereby the apparatus can be steered. A

One construction according to our invention isy illustrated in the accompanying drawing,`in which-` Figure 1 is the-,aerial machine seen fro above, the parachute Yfabric itself not being shown. Fig. 2 shows the same in side l'ele- Vation, and Eig. 3 is a detail view.

The drawing shows three wings 1, each secured to-a s1 indle 2 which can be turned inv bearings 3 secured to the frame 4 of the parachute. The wings 1 are adjusted in the normal position to a suitable inclination.

The spindles 2 are provided at that end which is nearest to the axis of rotation 5, with fixed angles parts 6 pivoted to the rods 7 which project down into a hollow axis of rotation. To-the other end of said rods is connected ay disk 8 which is connected by means of a Cardan joint to the lower end of the hollow axis of rotation 5 which terminates at the bottom in a bracket 9. Normallyv to the disk 8 is secured a rigid rod 10,l the lower end of which passes through a hole ina cross rod ll'which connects together the supporting rods 12 for the seat 13 of thepdriver.

The supporting rods 12 are suspended lby means of eyes 15 from the frame 14 of the machine, and the cross rod 11, which is -pivotally connected with rods 12, can also slide on the said rods 12, so that the action Specification of Letters Patent.

Application'led September 28, 1912.

Patented Uct. 5, 1915.

serial No. 722,791.

of the oscillation of the pendulum on the vrod 10` can be regulated. The seat 12S-with the v4driver forms the pendulum body proper.

When the rods 12 with thev seat lil oscil-` late sidewise, that is to say, when the axis of rotation is brought into oblique position, the cross rod receives a corresponding move'- ment which is transmitted by the rod 10 and the disk 8, `to the rods 7, some of which are in that way given an upward, and some a downward movement, and thereby the wings 1 are controlled in a direction from the normal position outward, as shown in full lines in Fig. 2, in the following manner The wing, which at the time is in the highest position (to the left in Fig. 2), will have an inclination which is less than the inclination of thewings in the normal position, the rod 7 of the said wing drawing the inner end of its cross rod G downward. When the inclination of this wing decreases, the action of the air on 4it also decreases with the result that the buoyancy in the left hand part ofthe apparatus is not decreased. The wing which* is at the time in the lowermost position (to the right in Fig. 2) will have an inclination which is larger than the inclination of the wings in the normal position, the ro'd 7 of the said wing pressing the-innerA end 'of its cross rod 6 upward. When the inclination of this wing increases, the action of the air on it is likewise increased, with the result that the buoyancy in the right hand part of the apparatus increases. The apparatus will accordingly automatically assume such a position that the inclination of all the Wings is the same, z'. e. the normal position, as shown in full lines in. Fig. 2. Consequently, the axis of rotation will always automatically assume a vertical position. Whereas the vertical position of the axis of rotation serves for steadying the machine, it will be necessaryfor steering the -machine in a desired direction*to make the axis of rotation assume an oblique position corresponding to the required direction. The latter can be effected by the driver, for instance, getting hold of the frame 14 and swinging his seat in the desired direction, or by the driver, either directly, or by means of a handle or the like, -actuating the rod 10. It is obvious that the rods 7 can be replaced by cords, or the rotary movement transmitted in some other way from the disk 8 to the spindles 2,

In addition to this arrangement, which is used for steadying the apparatus during Hight, the apparatus is provided with a second steadying device which may be used when the engine stopslor is stopped, the said device being used for keeping the axis of the'zap-l paratus in vertical position, and' for avoiding oscillations of the apparatus during a gliding or downward movement through the air. This device or arrangement consists in the wings 1 being pivoted to the spindles and 18.

' tion by means of lever 2 0.v The sleeve 19 plication of the drawing. Thel engine can be must rotate with the shaft 5 andthere must accordingly be some connection between said sleeve and the rod 20. This is carried out in practice by forming the sleeve 19 as a circularv disk to which the :shroudsf'are fas tened and which on its periphery is surrounded with a semi-circular groove. The sleeve is surrounded by a ring provided on the inner side with a corresponding groove and secured to the rod 20. Balls are arranged between th two grooves, and the inner circular disk or sleeve 19, thuspartakes of-the rotation of the shaft 5, while the outer ring only follows the up and down movements of the rod 20. This arrangement acts as follows: When the engine is stopped during Hight, whether intentionally or unintentionally, the wings can be brought to turn upward around the members or hinges-by means of which they are attached to t rie ends .of the spindles 2, and brought into the position shown in Fig. 3. This .is effected by re-` leasing the rod 20 and the sleeve 19 by means o f the handle 21, whereby the shrouds 18 are slackened, the wings being then forced upward by the air pressure.

The engine from which the motiveip/ower is obtained for the a paratus is supportedon the rigid frame 14, ut is not'shown in the drawing in order to avoid unnecessary comof any suitable type, and the transmission -from the engine shaft-to the rotating shaft 5 can be effected by any suitable known means, as the frame 14 always keeps the, 'same position vrelative to. -the axis of the shaft 5 and'does not itself participate in the oscillatory movement.v Asthe -problem 'of transmitting the motive`power from the engine to the rotating shaftV does not present lsaid pendulum structure to said spindles.

2. In a'n aerial machine the combination with a rotating parachute and a hollow shaft therefor, of a plurality of adjustable aero planes located on the circumference of said parachute, movable spindles supporting said aeroplanes, a frame, a pendulum structure comprising the seat yof the operator,

ladapted to automatically vary the inclinatin of said laeroplanes, rods for loosely suspending said pendulum structure from saidframe, a cross bar pivotally and slidably mounted on said rods and connecting means between said cross bar and said aeroplanes for transmitting the movements of said pendulum structure through said cross bar to the said aeroplanes,

3. In an'aerial machine the combination with a rotating parachute and a hollow shaft therefor, of a plurality of adjustable aeroplanes locatedon the circumference of said parachute, movable spindles supporting said aeroplanes, a frame, a pendulum structure comprising the seat of the operator adapted to automatically vary the inclination of said aeroplanes, rods for loosely suspending 4said pendulum' lstructure from said frame, a cross bar pivotally and slidably mounted on said rods, a movable disk (8) suspended from the lower end of said hollow shaft by means of a Cardan joint, connecting means between said disk and said movable spindles,

and a rod projecting from said disk and .passing through an opening in said cross bar or said pendulum structure to the .disk and transmitting the swinging movement of 

